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Manage Our Plastic Waste or It will Backfire

Puput Mutiara
31/10/2018 05:45
 Manage Our Plastic Waste or It will Backfire
(Tim MI)

PLASTIC waste problems have become a nightmare for Indonesia. Data showed that around 66 million tons of garbage ended up in landfills per year in 2016, with a composition of organic waste (food scraps, leaves, twigs) amounted to 57%, plastic 16%, paper waste 10% and other waste (metal, fabric, rubber, glass) 17%.

The growth of the country's urban population, now at 2.75%, is almost certainly followed by the increase of consumption and leisure activities which contributed to the high volume of landfills produced by Indonesia. Domestic operations—from the household, commercial and industry sectors also significantly created waste.

Based on 2016 data from Proper (Program for Pollution Control, Evaluation, and Rating) the number of waste produced by 323 companies, that were all eyeing for an upgrade to the Green category, were a whopping 4.23 million tons. The trash came from domestic, production, and supporting activities. This figure is quite significant and deserves attention if Indonesia wants to reduce waste production.

Plastic waste is the most difficult material to decompose, it can take up to 400 years. And it has been piling up in the past ten years, especially in urban areas from 11 percent in 2005 to 16 percent in 2016.

Consequently, as shown by data from Jambeck et all in 2015, Indonesia is the world's second-biggest source of plastic litter dumped into the sea with 1.29 million tons of waste per year. The figure is not far from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry's (KLHK) monitoring results. It estimated that the total plastic waste on Indonesian waters amounted to around 1.2 million tons.

One of the damaging effects of plastic waste in the sea is its impact on fish. Researchers from Hasanuddin University and the University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, found 25 percent of fish sold in South Sulawesi's capital, Makassar, contained plastic. Still from South Sulawesi, macro-plastic waste (larger than 5 millimeters) has also cost the economy in Selayar Islands of around Rp192.9 million (US$12,677.07) per year.

The ministry continues to fight the waste problems. To remind all parties of the cause and encourage them to do more, the ministry took 'Managing waste' as the theme for the 2018 Environment Day commemoration back in June.

KLHK invited all elements of the community, including the education sector, government, business and industry to play an active role in achieving waste-free Indonesia.

The Minister of Environment and Forestry Siti Nurbaya Bakar said plastic waste could be dangerous for the environment. Besides it the long period of time it took to decompose, she said, plastic is also one of the xenobiotic pollutants that are not known to the biological system of the environment resulting in pollutant compounds accumulating in nature.

"If the environment has been polluted by plastic waste, it's dangerous not just because it could clog waterways, but it also could cause flooding. And, if you choose to open burn the waste, it will cause air pollutions and illness," she said.

Reduce, reuse, recycle
The government's commitment to solve waste problem is outlined in the 2008 Law No 18 on Waste Management. The spirit of the law has revolutionized the way the nation views waste management—from the end of the pipe to reduce and recycle.
Siti recognizes waste as energy potential to save natural resources and obtain added benefits.

Furthermore, plastic waste recycling can also transform into economical goods as well as improve people's welfare.

Waste management starts from reduce, reuse, then recycle. Hence, the government needs to provide waste sorting facilities and implement waste management, especially for plastic waste and turn them into energy.

Ministry of Environment and Forestry also launched a digital-based waste management system to accommodate 3R. Currently, there are 163 companies participating in the website, including agroindustry.

Directorate General of Pollution and Environmental Damage Control at the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (PPKL) is currently campaigning to raise awareness on reduce and limiting plastic bags use.

"To limit or refuse plastic bags use while shopping is one of the efforts to reduce waste from its sources. It's a part to reduce waste volume," said Director General of PPKL MR Karliansyah.

"Hence, we expect that there will be no disaster resulting from waste in the future."

The danger of plastic waste is a wake up call for the government and the public as it is no longer a small problem. Plastic waste is a major issue that needs to be taken seriously, systematically, and integratedly. (Mut/S4-25)



Kelola Sampah Plastik agar tidak Jadi Bumerang

PERSOALAN sampah masih menjadi bayang-bayang menakutkan. Berdasarkan data, timbunan sampah di Indonesia pada 2016 mencapai 66 juta ton/tahun dengan komposisi sampah organik (sisa makanan, kayu ranting daun) sebesar 57%, sampah plastik 16%, sampah kertas 10%, dan sampah jenis lain (logam, kain tekstil, karet kulit, kaca) 17%.

Tingginya volume timbunan sampah itu dipicu laju percepatan pertumbuhan penduduk perkotaan yang mencapai 2,75%, termasuk urbanisasi serta meningkatnya aktivitas dan konsumsi masyarakat. Kegiatan domestik, baik dari sektor rumah tangga, komersial, maupun industri, turut berkontribusi menghasilkan sampah.

Dari data Proper, diketahui bahwa timbunan sampah dari 323 perusahaan calon kandidat hijau mencapai 4.235.172 ton pada 2016. Sampah tersebut bersumber dari kegiatan domestik dan baik produksi maupun penunjang. Angka itu terhitung cukup besar dan patut menjadi perhatian dalam upaya pengurangan sampah plastik.

Sampah plastik merupakan jenis sampah yang paling sulit terurai karena membutuhkan waktu sampai 400 tahun. Tren timbunan sampah plastik dalam kurun 10 tahun terakhir terus meningkat, terutama di daerah perkotaan, mulai 11% pada 2005 menjadi 16% pada 2016.

Tak pelak, data Jambeck et al pada 2015 menyebutkan Indonesia sebagai negara kedua penghasil sampah plastik di laut sebesar 1,29 juta ton/tahun. Angka tersebut tidak jauh berbeda dari hasil pantauan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK), estimasi total sampah plastik di laut nasional sebesar 1.186.134 ton atau sekitar 1,2 juta ton.

Salah satu efek negatif sampah plastik di laut ialah pengaruh kepada ikan. Tim peneliti dari Universitas Hasanudin dan University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, menemukan 25% ikan yang dijual di pasar Kota Makassar mengandung plastik. Selain itu, sampah plastik makro di Selayar telah merugikan ekonomi sekitar Rp192,9 juta per tahun.

Pemerintah dalam hal ini KLHK terus berupaya memerangi persoalan sampah tersebut. Seperti pada peringatan Hari Lingkungan Hidup 2018, 5 Juni lalu, KLHK mengambil tema Kendalikan sampah sebagai langkah awal untuk meningkatkan peran semua pihak.
KLHK mengajak seluruh masyarakat Indonesia, termasuk dunia pendidikan, pemerintah, pengusaha, dan industri, untuk bersama-sama berperan aktif mewujudkan Indonesia bebas sampah.

Menteri LHK Siti Nurbaya Bakar mengatakan sampah plastik dapat berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Selain karena sulit terurai oleh proses alam, itu merupakan salah satu pencemar xenobiotik yang tidak dikenal sistem biologis lingkungan sehingga mengakibatkan senyawa pencemar terakumulasi di alam.

"Kalau lingkungan sudah tercemar sampah plastik, bahayanya tidak cuma membuat saluran air tersumbat, tetapi bisa menyebabkan banjir. Kalaupun (sampah plastik) dibakar secara terbuka (open burning), juga mengakibatkan polusi udara dan menimbulkan penyakit," tuturnya.
    
Reduce, reuse, recycle
Komitmen pemerintah untuk menanggulangi masalah sampah tertuang dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah. Spirit UU tersebut secara revolusioner telah mengubah pandangan pengelolaan sampah dari end of pipe menjadi reduce at sources dan resources recycle.

"Dengan pandangan baru tersebut, pengelolaan sampah harus bertumpu pada pengurangan dan pengolahan atau reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) sampah sejak dari sumbernya. Jadi, tidak hanya di tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA). Jika tidak terkelola baik, sampah menjadi polutan yang membahayakan lingkungan dan manusia," tegas Menteri LHK.

Siti melihat ada potensi pemanfaatan sampah sebagai sumber energi sehingga dapat menghemat penggunaan sumber daya alam dan mendatangkan manfaat lebih banyak. Begitu pun daur ulang sampah plastik menjadi barang-barang bernilai ekonomi dapat pula membantu kesejahteraan masyarakat.

Secara hierarki, penanganan sampah dimulai dari aksi mengurangi segala sesuatu yang mengakibatkan sampah (reduce), menggunakan kembali sampah yang masih bisa dipakai untuk fungsi yang lain (reuse), lalu mendaur ulang sampah menjadi produk yang bermanfaat (recycle). Untuk itu, pemerintah juga harus menyediakan fasilitas pemilahan sampah serta melakukan pengolahan pengolahan sampah, khususnya sampah plastik menjadi energi secara masif.

Seraya mengikuti perkembangan zaman, KLHK mengeluarkan inovasi pengelolaan sampah berbasis teknologi digital lewat website yang dapat mengakomodasi aksi 3R. Saat ini, sudah ada 163 perusahaan yang ikut berpartisipasi, di antaranya sektor agroindustri.

Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Pencemaran dan Kerusakan Lingkungan (Ditjen PPKL) KLHK kini gencar melakukan kampanye pengurangan kantong plastik. Tujuannya memberikan kesadaran kepada masyarakat tentang pentingnya mengurangi dan membatasi pemakaian kantong plastik.

"Membatasi atau menghindari pemakaian kantong plastik saat berbelanja juga salah satu upaya pengurangan sampah dari sumbernya. Itu pun bagian dari upaya mengurangi timbunan sampah," ucap Direktur Jenderal PPKL MR Karliansyah.

Dengan begitu, kita berharap ke depan tidak terjadi berbagai bencana yang diakibatkan sampah. Fenomena bahaya sampah plastik telah menumbuhkan kesadaran pemerintah dan seluruh komponen masyarakat bahwa persoalan sampah bukan lagi masalah sepele yang dapat diabaikan. Sampah plastik tergolong persoalan besar yang mesti dikelola bersama secara serius, sistematis, dan menyeluruh. (Mut/S4-25)

 

 

 



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